Rewrite fan-in/out messaging patterns

messaging/fan_out.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Fan-Out Messaging Pattern
+=========================
+Fan-Out is a messaging pattern used for distributing work amongst workers (producer: source, consumers: destination).
+
+We can model fan-out using the Go channels.
+
+```go
+// Split a channel into n channels that receive messages in a round-robin fashion.
+func Split(ch <-chan int, n int) []<-chan int {
+	cs := make([]chan int)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		cs = append(cs, make(chan int))
+	}
+
+	// Distributes the work in a round robin fashion among the stated number
+	// of channels until the main channel has been closed. In that case, close
+	// all channels and return.
+	distributeToChannels := func(ch <-chan int, cs []chan<- int) {
+		// Close every channel when the execution ends.
+		defer func(cs []chan<- int) {
+			for _, c := range cs {
+				close(c)
+			}
+		}(cs)
+
+		for {
+			for _, c := range cs {
+				select {
+				case val, ok := <-ch:
+					if !ok {
+						return
+					}
+
+					c <- val
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	go distributeToChannels(ch, cs)
+
+	return cs
+}
+```
+
+The `Split` function converts a single channel into a list of channels by using 
+a goroutine to copy received values to channels in the list in a round-robin fashion.